This is a part two of an individual research project in connection with a special engineering problem and under the guidance of a faculty member. For FYP, students will be required to submit a Technical Paper to explain in writing about the contents of the project and its significance, the problem statement, objectives, scope, literature review, methodology, results, conclusions and recommendations. 

Besides, for my research projects' is a collaboration between Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP) and Universiti Malaya (UM)

Bones exhibit different structural characteristics at various scales, including particulate, laminar, fibrous, and porous structures (Lakes, 1993). They are composed of osteoblasts (cells responsible for bone formation), osteoclasts (cells involved in bone resorption), as well as various osteoconductive growth factors and molecules. In terms of composition, human bones consist of 60-70% mineral substances, 20-30% collagen and other organic components, with the remaining portion being water (Weiner & Zaslansky, 2005). Table 1 provides a comparison of the chemical composition, crystal structure, and other properties between enamel, dentin, and bone. (Kee, 2023)